Silat Tiger in Minangkabau

In the courtyard of the mosque and mosque, finished prayers, then by itself contained also in the relationship aspects of martial arts, namely the creation of a cord of friendship and camaraderie with the crowd. However, there is also a practicing martial arts in the middle of the forest that can not be seen. And during practice it is, the reading of prayers in Islamic narrative becomes an integral requirement.

The nature and clinging parried by surau or mosque is roughly similar to kung fu was born and raised in the Shaolin temple. Both are examples of martial arts was born and honed in a spiritual environment. Only, in the times, both martial arts has been able to learn anywhere, not necessarily in the mosque, mosque, or temple.

Silat and Influence

Silat is a typical Malay martial which etymologically means "fight" or "fighting". However, there are also said silat means "the clay", which means the slick. That is, it is a movement silat martial slippery and thus difficult to be locked. While in the Philippines, Silat means "lightning" (lightning). This notion refers to the speed of movement of empty hand and weapon use. Bare hands is an allusion to fight only using a mere hand. However, there is also a common weapon used in martial arts. The weapon was, among other things, kris, spears, machetes, gloves, knives, sickles, sticks, or kerambit / kurambik. Kurambik is touted as typical Minangkabau. He shaped small knife that resemble claws. He was also similar to the curved crescent eyes.
In wrangle, the body generally be upright, modest, and almost creeping. When an opponent attacks, he was not repelled, but deflected in the other direction (take advantage of the strength of the opponent). This is similar to martial arts from China. Everything must be elastic, supple, flexible. This makes the martial arts moves seem beautiful, vivacious, wiry, and flow. Meanwhile, clothes that used the fighters usually black, which can also in this type of vessel bay. Not to forget also with a headband with a lid. That said, swapping without headgear deemed invalid and be bothered by negative energy. By Malays, headgear, which actually is in accordance with the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, is done by using a cap / cap / skull cap, hat Lebai, or tengkulok / pose / headband. The goal is to get the absorption or focus.
Silat with all its attributes are scattered in many areas of the countries in Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, the Philippines, or Brunei Darussalam. Therefore, he later became the hallmark of Southeast Asian martial. In these areas, the name of self-defense is no difference in the sound. However, in addition to martial arts, he is also known as Silek.There are various opinions that surfaced on the origins and influence on silat. In Phlipina, for example, there is a prolonged debate about the effect obtained. Some say that he was from bumiputera (indigenous) Muslims, and partly shows that mixed martial arts from China.
In Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation (2001), silat mentioned coming from Sumatra who were in the Malacca Strait, which grows and develops Minangkabau. He progressed from seven to sixteen century AD, and relatively stabilized and flourished in the fourteenth century AD. Still from the same source, silat is said to be under the influence of India, China, and Arab. This stems from the arrival of people of India and China at the port of Sumatra in Palembang, Sri Vijaya / Sriwijaya (Mahayana Buddhism), at seven to twelve century AD.
"In silat match Nepalese music, Hindu weapons and fighting styles, weapons Arab, as well as weapons and battle tactics of China," wrote Donn F. Draeger and Robert W. Smith in his Comprehensive Asian Fighting Arts (1980) as cited by the encyclopedia above ,
This influence can be extracted from silat movement itself. China gives the effect of Wushu, which has circular movements and the use of animal forms in a variety of his style. Hindu influence tactics. Islam, which was marked by the arrival of Arab, coloring in terms of the use of a variety of weapons and philosophy. And in the 20th century, the Japanese martial art has also influenced silat in terms of tactics, techniques, weapons, and a belt ranking system as a sign of the level of proficiency.In martial arts, physical techniques fused closely with psychic abilities. At the time of Buddha and Hindu, parried strongly influenced by a variety of spells and amulets typical animism. Often encountered scenes of stabbing themselves in practice, reminiscent of the traditions that exist in India or China.When Islam came, silat also get Sufism strong color in the middle of the relics of animism. Sufis support and provide knowledge as the supernatural powers that allow the fighters who have been masterful for "possessed" by a spirit animal.
Human and Tiger

Each region has a martial arts legends usually have the particulars of his birth. On the Peninsula, there is a story that is often quoted that martial arts originated from a dream of a woman named swapping. In the dream he learned about martial arts, which is then developed with the name wrangle or Silat.

While in Sumatra, the legend refers to the presence of a woman in the Minangkabau region which witnessed a fight between a snake and a bird. In addition, he also noticed a big fight between the birds and tigers. From what he had seen it, it is developing a martial arts called Silat that use both hands and feet to attack, throwing and locking.

Film "Migration" sufficiently raise the prestige of Pencak Silat to the massesMinangkabau people believe that Silat Harimau is Silek tuo (old). As for the martial arts that exist today, are spread everywhere, believed to be a derivative of this martial art. 

What is called Silat Harimau is reminded, once again, the influence of Chinese Wushu, which uses animal forms in various martial. And this form of Wushu itself, according to Draeger and Smith, style battle ensues from India in the early days.
"The narrative about the style of these animals may have been forwarded to the martial arts as an element of Chinese heritage. These derivatives will be consistent with what is described by Draeger and Smith, "wrote the encyclopedia.
Although the tracks can be drawn from China and India, basically the people of Sumatra itself is believed to have a close affinity indeed, close in spirit, and mutual bersusur lines between humans and tigers. And each area in Sumatra has naming for "human-tiger".Community Kerinci, Jambi, called the tiger man with cindaku and Inyiak; in some communities in Bengkulu called setuo or Inyiak; in West Sumatra called Inyiak, in the land of Toba called Opung; and on the ground Mandailing called ompung-call of honor for the elder person. In some areas, the mention of the name "tiger" in the woods was as much as possible be avoided as a sign of respect.
Silat Tiger 

  

In the world of martial arts, Silat Harimau is considered as the most dangerous. In his fight, he is targeting vital points, such as the jaw, heartburn, eyes, genitals, or neck veins that can lead to the separation of the life of the body. In the event of sorts Asian Games, Silat Harimau not competed in silat championship for this character.

On development, Silat Harimau Minangkabau is growing outward. In Langkat, (Sumatra East / North), precisely in Tanjongpura, can be found the flow of Silat Harimau is called Tiger Hijaiyah. Here, the moment-jurusnya in accordance with the letters Hijaiyah or Arabic script, from Alif, Ba, Ta, and so takat Yes.
Silat Harimau Hijaiyah was founded by Syarifuddin bin Mohammad Kahar who previously studied at Abdul Jalil told Hasibuan, called Atuk Old Master, founder of Silat Hijaiyah. Abdul Jalil Hasibuan himself was the son of a sheikh of the Naqshbandi in Kota Pinang, Rantau Prapat (Sumatra East / North). In the article "Hijaiyah Tiger", has a style that is unik.Si champion Ahmad Bukhari Ramzan of College Tiger Hijaiyah langkat. He has a style stretched one hand up and the other down in the wide, such as inviting the opponent to attack.
"He did not do horses like a general. But once the opponent to attack, whether with kicks or punches, instantly greeted with terkaman "paci" Tiger Hijaiyah or a combination of hooks and knocked stance is strong and fast. Can wear anything Ramzan do. Either elbow, knee, arm, or the palm and fist, "writes the magazine. Hijaiyah Silat Harimau is then developed into neighboring country, Aceh, and also spread to the peninsula, such as Kuala Lumpur, Johor and Penang. While the distribution of Silat Harimau own infinite in Sumatra. He also can be found, with their own variants in different islands and even continents.
Historically, the impact and influence in the martial arts, as well as other martial arts, is basically inevitable. No one ever be able to stand alone."There is no culture that truly stands alone, but a coalition with other cultures," wrote Claude

Levi-Strauss in his book Race and History (2000).
As is customary, culture, and civilization, so too silat. Always there are the elements that form a kind of martial arts to be distinguished as something unique, then back bouncing in all directions.

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Minangkabau Ethnic Civilization, Culture And Genealogy

Getting to know the origin, culture, art Minangkabau people. Minangkabau (Minang) is an archipelago of ethnic groups who speak and uphold traditional Minangkabau. Minang culture region covers an area of ​​West Sumatra, Riau Mainland half, the northern part of Bengkulu, western Jambi, North Sumatra's west coast, southwest of Aceh, and also Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia. Mentions Minang people are often equated as the Padang, this refers to the name of the capital of West Sumatra province is the city of Padang. However, these people will usually refer to the group as 'urang awak', which mean the same as the Minang itself.

Ethnic Minang has also implemented a system of proto-democracy, since pre-Hindu customs with their density to determine important matters and legal issues. Minangkabau customary principle is briefly described in the statement 'Indigenous basandi syarak, syarak basandi Kitabullah' (Indigenous guided by the law, guided by the law of the Qur'an) which means that customs based on the teachings of Islam. Ethnicity is also very prominent in the field of commerce, as a professional and intellectual. They are honorable heir of the old traditions and the Malay kingdom of Srivijaya who likes to trade and dynamic. Nearly half of the total number of members of this community are in overseas.

Origin

Minangkabau name comes from two words, Minang and Kabau. The name is associated with a legend Minang known in legend. Tambo received from generation to generation, to tell that their ancestors descended from Alexander the Great. Although the legend does not systematically arranged and more to the legend versus facts and tends to a piece of literature that already belong to the community at large. But the story of this legend somewhat comparable to Sulalatus Salatin which tells how the Minangkabau people sent their representatives to ask sang sapurba a descendant of Alexander the Great are to be their king.

Minang people are part of society Deutro Malay (Melayu Muda) who migrated from the South to the Chinese mainland Sumatra island around 2500-2000 years ago. It is estimated that this group of people entered from the east of the island of Sumatra, the Kampar river flow down to the plateau called darek and become the hometown of the Minangkabau. Some areas of this darek then form a kind of confederation known as luhak, hereinafter called by the name Luhak Nan Tigo, which consists of Luhak Limo Puluah, Luhak Agam and Tanah Luhak Data. In the reign of the Dutch East Indies, the luhak region into the so-called territorial administration department, headed by a resident by the Minangkabau people called by the name of Mr. Luhak. At first mention of the Minang people have not been distinguished with the Malays, but since the 19th century, the mention Minang and Malay begin distinguished look matrilineal culture that persisted versus patrilineal adopted by the Malay society in general. This grouping then continue in the interest of the population census as well as politics.

Religion

Minang community religion is the religion of Islam, and if there are people out of Islam, are directly concerned is also considered to be out of the Minang community, the term referred to "customary disposed along.

Customs And Cultures

According to legend, the Minangkabau custom system first proposed by two brothers, Datuk Datuk Perpatih Ketumanggungan and Nan Sycamore. Datuk Ketumanggungan pass customs system Koto Piliang aristocratic, while Datuk Perpatih pass customs system Bodi Caniago egalitarian. Along the way, two custom system known as this kelarasan each content filling and form a system of Minangkabau society.

In Minangkabau society, there are three pillars that build and maintain the integrity of the culture and customs. They are the teachers, scholars, and ninik mamak, known as Tigo Sajarangan furnace. All three are complementary and work together in the same position in height. In Minangkabau society is democratic and egalitarian, all the public affairs of the three elements discussed by unanimously.

Matrilineal

Currently the Minang people are adherents of the matrilineal society in the world. Matrilineal is one of the main aspects in defining the identity of Minang community. Customs and cultures they put the women acting as heir inheritance and kinship. Referred to the mother lineage known as Samande (se-mother), while their father is called by people with the name Sumando (law) and was treated as a guest in the family.

Women in Minangkabau has a special position so dubbed by Bundo Kanduang, play a role in determining the success of the implementation of decisions made by men in their position as mamak (uncle or brother from his mother's side), and the Penghulu (headman). A big influence, it makes women Minang symbolized Limpapeh Nan House Tower (the main pillars of the house). Although power is strongly influenced by the control of economic assets but the men from the women's side of the family still holds the authority or the legitimacy of power in the community.

Language

Minangkabau language including one child branch of the Austronesian language family. Although there are differences of opinion about the relationship Minangkabau language and Malay language, some people think the language spoken these communities as part of a Malay dialect, because of the many similarities in vocabulary and forms of narrative in it, while others just think this language is a language independent of different Malay and there is also a mention of the Minangkabau language is the language of Proto-Malay. Besides the speakers Minang community itself also there are various dialects depending on their respective regions.

The influence of other languages ​​that are absorbed into the general Minang language of Sanskrit, Arabic, Tamil, and Persian. Then vocabulary Sanskrit and Tamil are found in some inscriptions in Minangkabau was written using various characters in between Dewanagari, Pallava, danKawi. The strengthening of the widely accepted Islam also encourages people to use Jawi alphabet in writing before switching to the Latin alphabet.

Art

Minangkabau society has a variety of attractions and the arts, such as dance usually displayed in a traditional feast or marriage. Among the dances for example:

• Dance pasambahan
• Dance plate
• Silek or Minangkabau Silat.
• Dance randai.

Minangkabau is also very prominent in the art of speaking. There are three genres of art to speak, namely pasambahan (offerings), indang, and salawat tray. Art speechless or swapping one-liners, to put forward parables, allegories, like, allegories, metaphors and aphorisms. In the art of speaking one is taught to defend his honor and dignity, without the use of weapons and physical contact.

Sport

Some other traditional games that are still preserved and the amusement of Minang society, among others:

• Horse racing
• Race runway cow
• Runway duck
• Sipak Rago, or any other name sepak takraw.

Custom Home

Tribal house Minangkabau called the "Rumah Gadang" (Big House).

Marriage

In traditional Minangkabau wedding procession, commonly called Baralek, has some common stages, namely:

Maminang (woo)

Manjapuik marapulai (pick the groom)

Basandiang (coupled in the aisle).

Typical Dishes

Minang community has a distinctive cuisine is popularly known as Padang cuisine, and is very popular in Indonesia, even to foreign countries. One traditional dish is the famous Rendang Minang, which received worldwide recognition as the most delicious dishes. Other typical dishes include Asam Pedas, Soto Padang, Sate Padang, and Jerked mead Balado.

Tribal

Tribes in the order of Minangkabau society is the basis of social organization, as well as a fundamental power struggle. Definition of terms in the beginning of the word Minang language can mean one quarter, so that if it is associated with the establishment of a village in Minangkabau, can be said to be perfect when it consists of a composition of four tribes that inhabit the region. Furthermore, every tribe in the tradition of Minang, sorted from the same lineage of the mother, and is believed to originate from the same ancestor.

Tribes are divided into several branches smaller families or called payuang (umbrella). The small unit after sapayuang called saparuik. A paruik (stomach) usually stay in a Tower House together.

'Nagari'

Minangkabau region consists of many villages. Nagari is an autonomous region with the highest authority in Minangkabau. No other social and political power that could interfere with customary in a village. The different regions will likely have different customs typical. Each village is led by a board comprising of tribal leaders from all the tribes in the region. This council is called the density of the Indigenous Village. From the result of deliberation and consensus within the council is a decision and binding rules for the village was generated.

Headman

Headman or commonly dubbed the progenitor, the heads of families who are appointed by members of the family to arrange all the problems. Penghulu usually a man who was chosen among members of other men. Each clan-family will choose a man who articulate, thoughtful, and understand the customs, to occupy this position. This is because he is responsible for the care of all treasures, guiding nephew, as well as the representatives of the village community. Every prince of princes stand in line with others, so that in the meetings of all the village headman sounds that represent each of the same value.

Kingdom

Some of the crown in the Minangkabau region, among others:

• Dharmasraya Kingdom
• Pagaruyung Kingdom
• Indrapura Kingdom.

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Minangkabau Philosophy in a Foreign Land

Minang people is ubiquitous in various parts of Indonesia, even in the whole world. They are famous for having a wander culture. A culture which is solely owned by certain ethnic groups in Indonesia. In addition to the Minangkabau ethnic group, ethnicity who also have migrated culture is Bugis, Banjar, Batak, most of the North Coast of Java and Madura.

Tradition wander Minang people awakened from culturally dynamic, egalitarian, independent and free-spirited. Plus the ability bersilat tongue (communication) as one of their distinguishing features that make it easy to adapt to any ethnic group. Numerous recent studies have foreign scholars and national scientists showed that people migrated Minang culture has emerged and evolved since centuries ago. A unique culture that is often associated with the poem that reads:

"Karantau madang di hulu
Babuah babungo balun
Marantau Bujang dahulu
Di kampuang baguno balun"

"Go to Madang on the shoreline upstreamFruiting flowering yetBujang wander agoIn the village useful yet"

In the concept of Alam Minangkabau culture known core region (darek) and overseas (outside the area). Rantau traditionally a region of expansion, local expansion or conquered areas. But recent developments, the concept of shoreline seen as a promising hope for the future and a better life is associated with socio-economic context and not in a political context. Based on the concept, migration is for self-development and achieve social and economic life better. Thus, the purpose wander often attributed to three things: look for treasure (trade / became traders), in search of knowledge (learning), or search rank (position / title) (Navis, 1999) As a pattern of migration (movement of people) voluntarily, of their own accord, then wander Minang people in contrast to, say, wander Javanese through the process of transmigration -diprogramkan and financed by the government. Minang people go abroad with the willingness and ability alone. They see this sort of exploration process, the process of migration, to build a better life (see Mochtar Naim, 1984).

In the minds of Minangkabau, analogous to the agricultural world, hometown or homeland proverbial nursery that serves to cultivate seedlings. Once the seedlings grow, they have to get out of the nursery into a broader area in order to become a big tree bear fruit later. Processes such as is experienced and then look at the figures of origin Minang who take part in the "world" which is much more extensive as Muhammad Hatta, Sutan Sjahrir, Tan Malaka, Muhammad Yamin, Hamka, Muhammad Natsir, Haji Agus Salim, or generations -lahir later, to grow, to experience childhood and youth in the village, then go wander and "become one".

Always Blend, Not Ever Conflict

Wherever they go abroad, wherever they are located, Minang people have high adaptability to its environment. This corresponds to the expression of which is their way of life: where the earth beneath, where the Romans. Throughout its history, the Minang people overseas have never come into conflict with people wherever they are. This is because the culture and behavior of their lives that are open, non-exclusive, and life mingle with the local community. Wherever rantaunya, Minang people have never made a "village". Not found no Kampung Minang in cities where Minang is quite a lot. By contrast, in its own backyard they give the "village" to migrants, including the Chinese people. In Padang, Bukittinggi and Payakumbuh there Cino Village (China), in Padang and Solok City there Jao (Java), or Keling Village in Padang and Pariaman.

Because of their adaptability, ability to adapt, which is high, they also accepted by the society in which they are located. They are accepted as formal and informal leaders in rantaunya respectively. Call it, for example, Mr. Datuk Djamin who became the second Governor of West Java (1946); Governor of Maluku were second and third, namely Muhammad Djosan (1955-1960), and Muhammad Padang (1960-1965), the first Governor of Central Sulawesi, Datuk Basa Nan Madjo Kuniang (1964-1968); Resident / Governor of South Sumatra, which first dr. Adnan Kapau Gani, or Djamin Dt. Bagindo who became the first governor of Jambi Province (1956-1957). Merantaulah culture that led to the Minang people scattered and has a role everywhere, in cities and remote areas in Indonesia and abroad. Any Indonesian cities I have ever visited, became regent of Solok during and after becoming governor of West Sumatra, I always meet people Minang. Not unless they are also present in considerable numbers in remote areas such as Irian Jaya (now Papua), Nusa Tenggara, and East Timor. In fact, from the stories we know, long before East Timor to integrate with the Republic of Indonesia, when East Timor was still a part of Portugal, the Minang people are already open and commercialize home eating there.

Bung Hatta

Although there are no definitive statistics, estimated number of people (descendants) Minang overseas more than staying in West Sumatra, or approximately 8-10 million people. That said, in the greater Jakarta area alone, out of every 10 people we meet, one of them is the Minang people. I've been told about the results of a survey of Islamic education institutions in Jakarta, says that about 50 percent of mosques in Greater Jakarta managers are Minang people. An estimated 40 percent of Riau province are immigrants or descendants of Minang or people from West Sumatra. As many as 60 percent of the total population of Negeri Sembilan (Malaysia) said he was from Minangkabau and until now no doubt still claiming to embrace "Indigenous Perpatih" or Minangkabau.

In almost all provinces in Sumatra Minangkabau people can be found in large numbers. They also live and mingle with people in the cities and even remote areas in all the major islands in Indonesia -Jawa, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Papua, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and so forth. In sufficient quantities so far many of them migrated to the overseas, spread to five continents. Even if a human life on the Moon, the Minang people might have gone there anyway there. In harmony with the purpose wander seeking treasure, science or pangkat- in order to develop themselves and find a better life, then the Minang people overseas various professions and fields of life. Most are becoming merchants, merchant or businessman. But many who become scientists, preachers, as well as the rank as a government official or professional people such as doctors, professors, executives or private companies, journalists, writers, and others.

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Benefits of Fruit Karamunting

Although seem less attractive, Karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa or Ochthocharis bornensis Bl), turned out to have some efficacy. Some areas are known by different names, in Pekanbaru called the Kalamunting, in North Sumatra, known as Haramonting and in West Java known as Sabrang Harendong. While in Palangkaraya, Karamunting can we meet in almost every sandy vacant land.

Karamunting grow like bushes. Towards ripe, the color of the fruit which was originally green to red-brown to black and can be consumed. In the Himalayas, Karamunting plant is used and trusted as a fence breaker fire in case of forest fires. In Vietnam, Karamunting fruit is used to produce a kind of alcoholic drink wine drink called "ru'qu sim". While in Hawaii, Karamunting considered a nuisance weeds or bushes that need to be eradicated. In Indonesia, as well as medicine, the content of "tannin" in the root Karamunting Karamunting or a dye used for coloring black and has been used to blacken the teeth and eyebrows.

Pharmacologically, Karamunting has three benefits:

1. Hemostasia
Fruit Karamunting demonstrate the hemostatic effects in the upper gastrointestinal tract and against Metrorrhagia cause of bleeding in women. Karamunting roots can also increase the number of platelets, increasing the level of fibrinogen, and smooth muscle of blood vessels contract.

2. Effects of adaptive
Karamunting fruit increases hemoglobin level and red blood cell count. It also increases antianoxic, chills and fatigue-fighting ability of the organism.

3. Anti-bacterial
In a study showed that Karamunting fruit and root extracts inhibit Staphylococcus aureus causes pus. Karamunting also inhibit E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Karamunting itself has been extensively studied, including the South China Agricultural University in the PRC, the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, Prince of Songkla University in Thailand, Institut Teknologi Bandung in Bandung and Universitas Andalas in Padang. Perhaps it was this that I can write, waiting for the next article, have a nice day.

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